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The properties of lines determine how people respond to the landscape, both emotionally and physically.

Lines can have one or more characteristics, such as those described below, but they typically serve different purposes. Figure 1 shows common landscape lines, including bedlines, hardscape lines, path lines, sod lines, and fence lines. Landscape lines are created several ways: when two different materials meet on the ground plane, such as the edge of a brick patio meeting an expanse of green turf or when the edge of an object is visible or contrasts with a background, such as the outline of a tree against the sky or by the placement of a material in a line, such as a fence. Landscape designers use lines to create patterns, develop spaces, create forms, control movement, establish dominance, and create a cohesive theme in a landscape. Lines are a powerful tool for the designer because they can be used to create an infinite variety of shapes and forms, and they control movement of the eye and the body. Line in the landscape is created by the edge between two materials, the outline or silhouette of a form, or a long linear feature.

Line creates all forms and patterns and can be used in a variety of ways in the landscape. Perhaps the most common element in a composition is line. Visual qualities can illicit many different emotions and feelings, and the more positive those feelings, the more likely people are to enjoy and use a space. The elements of composition are the visual qualities that people see and respond to when viewing a space. This publication describes each of the elements and explains the principles and their application. Knowledge of the elements and principles of design is essential to designing a landscape and working through the design process. The principles are the fundamental concepts of composition-proportion, order, repetition, and unity-that serve as guidelines to arrange or organize the features to create an aesthetically pleasing or beautiful landscape. The features can be physically described by the visual qualities of line, form, color, texture, and visual weight-the elements of design. With this information, the designer then organizes the plants and hardscape materials, which are collectively referred to as the features. The design process begins by determining the needs and desires of the user and the conditions of the site. For this reason, landscape designers use a design process that systematically considers all aspects of the land, the environment, the growing plants, and the needs of the user to ensure a visually pleasing, functional, and ecologically healthy design. The "art" is always changing as the plants grow, environmental conditions change, and people use the space. Landscape designers work on a canvas that is distinctly different from other art forms.